The magical technology behind the browser google chrome's speed is the
JavaScript virtual machine V8 developed by Google in Denmark.
Google made its browser's project
chromium open to all and welcomes all to take part in further development of building safer, faster, and more stable way of browsing experience. Google's intention to make its products open source is admirable.
The major features of chrome are ominibox, incognito window, click and drap of the tabs, sandbox technology and Google also continually downloading the lists of harmful phishing and malware sites and provide as a public API for free(again).
Also have a look at the brief presentation of Google Chrome's features
here.